Though initial support is promising, only two studies have examined sleep as a link between screen time and youth behavioral health with both finding some support for sleep duration serving in this role 18, 19. And finally, one potential biological mechanism is the effect of screen light on both circadian rhythm and alertness. One psychosocial source may be arousal due to the content of the media, interfering with the ability to fall and stay asleep 17. 11– 13 One of these environmental sources is the use of screen-based activities, which often delays bedtime or truncates total sleep time 11. The mechanisms by which higher levels of screen time cause sleep disturbances have been attributed to environmental, psychosocial, and biological causes. One potential mechanism of this association is youth sleep quality: There are established individual associations between youth screen time and compromised sleep duration and quality 11– 13 as well as between sleep and a variety of childhood behavioral health outcomes (e.g., internalizing, externalizing, & peer problems) 14– 16. However, the process by which screen time increases these problems has not been elucidated. Total daily screen time across devices in children 8- to 18-years old has risen from five to approximately eight hours since 1999 6, far exceeding the American Academy of Pediatric’s (AAP) recommendation of two hours or less 7.Įxcessive screen time in childhood is associated with behavioral health problems 8– 10. Further, the increased access to new digital media (e.g., smartphones and tablets) devices has contributed to a rapid rise in average screen time exposure for children 4, 5. The explosion of digital technology ownership in the last five years 1, 2 has created a dramatic shift in how youth and families use technology 3, 4.
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